Critical analysis worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical analysis worksheet - Essay Example Article 2: It is ridiculous to say that money does not influence politics these days. The argument that the number of people who believe that money can change the course of politics is comparable to the few people who believe in global warming is not a solid argument. The former Federal Elections Commission chairman Bradley Smith talks about evidence, yet he does not give any. Democracy was founded on the basis that every person had the right to choose government, yet the vast influx of money has completely eroded this process. Campaigns have taken on such importance that they are all politicians ever seem to do, instead of focusing on real policies that will better the country. Article 1: The first question I would ask would be: Are these guest appearances initiated by the guest or the network. The second question would be: Are guests paid for their appearances, and if so is there a budget for this? Article 1: I do agree with the main premise of the reading because I know that big corporate have the money and political influence to be able to secure guest appearances on these cable networks. I have seen it happen many times where a guest commentator refuses to consider the other side of the argument, so they obviously have some sort of bias. Article 2: I do agree that money now seems to control politics in a way like never before. Just last year I saw hundreds of political ads on TV. These ads must have cost millions of dollars, but the reason they were shown so much is because lobbyists wanted to get their candidate elected. Article 1: I think that we should discuss the emergence of these lobby groups and global corporate that are able to influence the voting public so much. Democracy should be about freedom of opinion, but sometimes it seems like we only get to hear one point of view, and it may not necessarily be the best point of view. Article 2: I think that we should discuss how

Gloria Jeans Essay Example for Free

Gloria Jeans Essay Gloria Jeans’ is well known due to it is made by 100% natural ingredients which include home-made cookies, muffins, and any other sweet desserts. 1) Economy The point here is that Gloria Jeans’ can not set a price that is too high because competitors will be attracted by potential profits and will follow by a lower price. After having taken all the important factors into consideration, there are five-price fixing approaches seem appropriate. 1.Cost Based pricing One of the centred objectives of this project being to become the market leader in functional drinks, Gloria Jeans’ is willing to stay among the top competitors if not becoming the greater by achieving a certain target profit this could be obtained by establish a price that will largely cover variable and fixed costs while bringing tremendous profits 2.Value Added Pricing Competitors and potential substitutes prices can also be part of the strategy. Having a higher price could make customers aware of the additional benefits and the higher quality of coffee. 3.Value based pricing The company sets its target price based on customer perceptions of the product value. The targeted value and price then drive decision about product design and what cost can be incurred. As a result of pricing begin with analysing consumer needs and value perceptions and price is set to match consumer perceived value. 4.Market Penetration Pricing The company can set a low price for a new product in order to attractive a large number of buyers and a large market share. 5.Break-even Pricing The company has to make some strategies for break-even prices, setting prices to break even on the cost of making and marketing a product or setting prices to make a target profit. According to the report of Su, Chiou and Chang (2006), the case study of Starbucks coffee displayed that Western culture adoration can influence the coffee consumption of Taiwan. Kim (2002),point at consumer behavior have significant influenced by the  product-of-origin and brand image. Hao(1998), states that superior brand has become the most important element to enhance value-added products and it also is a strategy. The brand image and product-of-origin would important factors, they would provide insights on cross-culture marketing. 4ï ¼â€° Demographics According to the survey, women more desire to drink coffee than men (Jones, 2006).There is no significant difference between two groups of people. Coffees are all thousands of years ranging from adults or even older. Its hard to resist the appeal of Coffee, and there is great opportunity to tea growing up. In addition, the social behaviour are one of the factors segmented coffee products in the market Because of different group has different demand for their need and wants. The high salary people may more focus on their healthy or willing to pay higher prices. 3ï ¼â€° Political and legal Doing coffee business there is no risky for the company because of it does not related any political and legal

Analysis of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay -- Shirley Jackson, Th

In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery,† the theme of the story is dramatically illustrated by Jackson’s unique tone. Once a year the villagers gather together in the central square for the lottery. The villagers await the arrival of Mr. Summers and the black box. Within the black box are folded slips of paper, one piece having a black dot on it. All the villagers then draw a piece of paper out of the box. Whoever gets the paper with the black dot wins. Tessie Hutchinson wins the lottery! Everyone then closes in on her and stones her to death. Tessie Hutchinson believes it is not fair because she was picked. The villagers do not know why the lottery continues to exist. All they know is that it is a tradition they are not willing to abandon. In â€Å"The Lottery,† Jackson portrays three main themes including tradition, treason, and violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main theme in Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is tradition. Jackson conveys tradition as the main theme thought the story. â€Å"The people had done it so many times that they only half listened to the directions; most of them were quiet, wetting their lips, not looking around.† (966). The author suggests the people of the village have been playing the lottery for several years. â€Å"The people had done is so many times... they only half listened to the directions† suggests that the people of the village have played the lottery so many times that they only half listened to the directions. Jackson also suggests that the people of the village are anxious ...

10 Reasons We Love Asean

10 REASONS WE LOVE ASEAN A baby orange utan chills out at Sepilok, East Malaysia’s world-famous centre for rescured orange utans. Smart, strong and found only in Southeast Asia, the orange utan was an easy choice to launch our lists of the 40 things we love most about this region. 1. ORANGE UTAN Smart, charming and much stronger than they look, orange utans are Asia’s largest apes. Scientists have discovered that orange utans even have their own cultures, with different groups developing their own style of tools. Some orange utans have even taught to use sign language.There are fewer than 55,000 left in the wild, on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. 2. CORAL REEFS Life gets pretty complicated in Tubbataha Reef Marine Park, Phillippines. With 396 coral, 479 fish, six shark and two sea turtle species, it has greater biodiversity than any other reef of its size in the world. This World Heritage Site was once threatened by pollution but the Filipinos are fighting to save i t for the next generation to swim in. Tubbataha is part of Southeast Asia’s â€Å"coral triangle†, which also covers Malaysia and Indonesia. . ELEPHENT Southeast Asia has marched to war and riches on the back of the elephant. These intelligent giants have carried kids and kings, and are still used for heavy work in Myanmar and other countries. They’re also worshipped in Laos and Thailand – especially if they’re white or albino. Laos used to be called Pathetlao Lanexang, or â€Å"Land of a Million Elephants†, but the region now has fewer than 30,000 in the wild. 4. ORCHIDS What do Queen Elizabeth, Kofi Annan and Laura Bush have in common?They’re all orchid hybrids that can be found in Singapore’s famous National Orchids can be found in many parts of the world, Southeast Asia has one of the widest collections. Singapore and Indonesia have orchids as their national flowers. These flowers don’t just attract bees – the y can also be used in food and medicine. 5. KITES Kites have a long history in Southeast Asia, with the Sejarah Melayu mentioningkite fighting as far back as the 1400s. Each village has its own style, often drawing inspiration from batik designs, architecture or gods. There are fighting kites and singing kites, and giant ones as much as 6 metres in width.Major kite-flying festivals and competitions take place during the northeast monsoon, when strong winds carry the kites even through the night. 6. ROLLER-COASTERS Life’s full of ups and downs in Brunei – in a good way. The country holds the world record for the most roller-coasters per person: there are 0. 8 for every 100. 000 Bruneians. To join in the fun, visit Jerudong Park, the country’s theme park. 7. BAKILBAYAN BOXES: Millions of Southeast Asians live and work in foreign countries, but they don’t forget everyone at home. Filipinos working in faraway places love sending huge gift boxes to their famil ies.These care packages are called balikbayan (meanine returnee) boxes, and contain novelties from the foreign country, like food and toys. 8. SMS Southeast Asians don’t need a lot of space to have a lot of fun. Just look at how wild we can go on our mobile phone screens. Young Singaporeans won the title of fastest SMS-fingers in the world, not once, but twice. The Philippines, sometimes known as the SMS capital of the world, uses SMS for everything from poetry to political protests. 9. PUPPETS After a hard day working in the rice fields, it’s great to chill with a fun puppet show.Southeast Asia has a puppet love affair, celebrating it every year with the ASEAN Puppet Festival. Vietnam is famous for its water puppets, with carvel wooden puppets (above) making a splash on the surface of flooded rice fields. Then there’s wayang kulit – the shadow plays that have entertained villagers and kings from Indonesia to Thailand for over 800 years. 10. FORMULA ONE: Every year, thousands satisfy their need for speed with the F1 Malaysian Grand Prix, Racing legends like Michael Schumacher have burned rubber on the Sepang circuit. Singapore will have F1 races from 2008.

How Influential Is Macbeth’s Ambition? Essay

In ‘Macbeth’, a play set in Scotland, William Shakespeare wrote a tragedy of one man’s ambition. It is the shortest of Shakespeare’s tragedies, and has a very fast pace. It tells the story of Macbeth’s ambition to be king, and the chain of damage he causes by pursuing this ambition. This ambition is the fatal flaw that causes his ultimate downfall. Once Macbeth’s lifelong ambition seems to be fulfilled, it causes consequences that his mind cannot handle. The play shows that one may get easily influenced by other people when he/she is over- ambitious. Ambition is something that everyone can identify with, and ‘Macbeth’ is a compelling study of how ambition can destroy you, so the audience are automatically interested in Macbeth’s character. When we are first introduced to Macbeth, he is already ambitious. But by being tempted to the extremes by two sources of external evil – the witches and his wife, his ambitions are only increased by making them seem like they could be a reality. The witches and Lady Macbeth, whom are both truly evil figures, influence Macbeth heavily throughout the play, and both exploit his ambition to become king. Their influence is the reason Macbeth’s ambition spirals so out of control and ends in tragedy. Our first impression of Macbeth is of a heroic, famous, popular man who is well liked by the king – In Act 1 Scene 2 Duncan refers to Macbeth as â€Å"noble Macbeth†. We first meet Macbeth in Act 1 Scene 3, when he and Banquo have arrived to meet the witches. Macbeth’s first words; â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen† immediately associate him with the witches, because they say in Act 1 Scene 1; â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair†, so evil is brought to mind. Macbeth is connected with the supernatural in the audience’s mind from the onset. This is the first thing that is not consistent with Macbeth’s image of a war hero. In this scene, the witches declare that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor and also king of Scotland. Macbeth strongly believes the witches words, especially after the first part of the prophecy comes true, he begins to think the second part may also come true. Their prophecies influence his ambition as seen in an aside, when he begins to consider murdering Duncan, the current king of Scotland. The aside follows closely Macbeth’s desires and doubts – he does not know whether these prophecies are good or bad, but he dearly wants to be king. â€Å"If good, why do I yield to that suggestion/ whose horrid image doth unfix my hair/ and make my seated heart knock at my ribs,/ against the use of nature?†. However, we can sense that Macbeth doesn’t actually want to murder Duncan, as he is horrified by these murderous thoughts. But Macbeth cannot stop thinking about what the witches have said, showing that he is considering the idea and is drawn to it, and that he has ambitions to be king within him already. In Act 1 Scene 5, Macbeth’s wife, Lady Macbeth, also influences Macbeth’s ambition. She is revealed to be very driven and ruthless, and she clearly wants Macbeth to be king. She says; â€Å"Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it†, meaning that Macbeth is not without ambition, but lack of ruthlessness that is needed to become king. She influences him to kill Duncan. She also encourages him to conceal his feelings, telling him to; â€Å"Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t†. Lady Macbeth is telling Macbeth to look respectful and welcoming and happy on the outside, but to hide his plotting and scheming and evils inside. Lady Macbeth’s ability to influence her husband leads us to believe that she is the primary cause for the destruction of Macbeth. She is the biggest encouragement to his ambition, since she uses her husbands trust to change her own future. In Act 1 Scene 7, evidence that Macbeth has a human side and is very worried is found in a long soliloquy – a speech where Macbeth is alone on stage so we can again see what Macbeth is thinking. He is worried about his eternal soul, and what his punishment will be in heaven if he kills Duncan. He thinks of reasons why he should not kill Duncan, and comes to the conclusion that the only reason he is doing it is because of his strong ambition. When Macbeth decides not to continue with their plan to murder Duncan, Lady Macbeth urges him to act on his desires and ambition or he will think of himself as a coward. She exploits his ambition by questioning it when she says; â€Å"Art thou afeard/ To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou art in desire?† She manipulates him further, calling him a coward and insulting his manhood, knowing that Macbeth will want to prove himself. This shows that Lady Macbeth is somewhat responsible for Macbeth’s downfall because, she drives him to go through with the murder and makes up the details of the plan to kill Duncan, while Macbeth was considering not even going through with the it. Although Macbeth had the thought of killing Duncan, he would not have acted on that thought unless Lady Macbeth persuaded him. Lady Macbeth is a sly person, able to manipulate her husband, and this ability to manipulate Macbeth makes her partially responsible for the destruction of Macbeth. She makes sure he will perform the deed by taking an active role in preparing for the murder: framing the two chamberlains and cleaning up afterwards. As Macbeth worries about failing to carry out the plan, Lady Macbeth tells him to screw up his courage and they wouldnt fail. Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth murders King Duncan who stays as a guest in his castle. Macbeth then becomes king of Scotland. Although Macbeth becomes king, he cannot have peace. His endless ambitions lead him into misery. Being obsessed by the witches’s prophecies, he even tries to control his future. He remembers the witches’s predictions that his friend Banquo’s sons will be kings of Scotland. Macbeth considers Banquo and his son Fleance as threats to his security as King. Although outwardly friendly to Banquo, Macbeth is jealous and fearful of him. Plagued by worry and to prevent this from happening, Macbeth orders three men to kill Banquo and his son. Macbeth’s desire to gain wealth and status completely overpowers him. He becomes more ambitious than his wife, and finds himself drained and drained of emotion, as we see in Act 3 Scene 1. â€Å"He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valour to act in safety. There is none but he Whose being I do fear; and under him My genius is rebuked, as it is said Mark Antonys was by Caesar. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren scepter in my gripe, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding †. Throughout the play Macbeth is undermined by his insatiable ambition. Macbeth was at first reasonable enough to keep his ambition in check, however it eventually became too strong for even Macbeth and therefore over-powered him. Reasoning was abandoned after the decision to kill Duncan was made. At that point we see no serious questioning of the motives of the three witches when he is told of their cunning and misleading predictions. The decision to kill Duncan also signified the last serious attempt at moral contemplation on the part of Macbeth. Throughout the novel we see that the Macbeth’s ambition completely subverted their reasoning abilities and eventually lead to his downfall. Macbeth, whom initially was a very reasonable and moral man, could not hold off the lure of ambition. Macbeth’s excessive ambition motivates him to murder Duncan, and once the evil act is accomplished, he sets into motion a series of sinister events that ultimately lead to his downfall. We see this when he says; â€Å"I am in blood stepped in so far that should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o’er†. Macbeth is saying that he is so accustomed to the idea of murder that he will now be able to wade through a sea of blood. This is very ironic, as previously in the play, Macbeth had feared that he would never be able to wash the blood from Dunca’s murder off his hands. During the course of the play, Macbeth changes from a person with some moral sense to a man who will stop at nothing to get and keep what he wants. Although we are presented with his deterioration from good to evil, we can see his human side throughout the play, which makes it a tragedy. Once Macbeth’s ambition has ‘set the ball rolling’, events happen quickly in the play as it gathers momentum. This intense ambition leads to his downfall.

discussion question Essays

discussion question Essays discussion question Essay discussion question Essay Essay Topic: A Dolls House Discussion Montgomery, Kayla December 8th, 2013 Discussion Question #6 Interactionists argue that people learn their gender identities from everyday interactions and that the family is the primary source for gender socialization. Explain some of the ways that parents and siblings can teach gender. Some ways that parents and siblings can teach gender could be: buying girls barbie dolls. By buying daughters shows them feminine ways, some barbies even have body parts such as a chest. Barbie dolls also have hair to play in so the child can know that its for girls. Buying your sons toy trucks, hot wheels, and little plastic tools shows them masculine ways. Men drive fast cars, work on cars, and need tools to fix things. When I was younger my grandmother kept me in the kitchen, would always tell me that a man always loves a woman who can cook, but would always have my brother doing the yard work telling him women love hard a hard working man thats going to keep their house together. What is the hidden curriculum? What nonacademic functions does it fulfill? A hidden curriculum is a side effect of an education. For example eeping busy, cooperating, and completing work. The ways that hidden curriculum are nonacademic could definitely be waking up in the morning doing your daily routine. Brushing your teeth, washing your face, making your bed, and keeping your room clean. Others ways could be eating breakfast everyday at the same time, lunch at a certain hour, and dinner also. How do sociologists define religion? How is this different from a commonsense definition of religion? Sociologists define religion as an institutionalized system of symbols, beliefs, values, and practices by which a group of people participate and esponds to what they feel is sacred and that provides answers to questions of ultimate meaning. For example, I am christian. On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Sundays I sit in church with my family and other families to worship the Lord. We read scriptures, learn about it, and also get a message from the scripture. Comparing to reality, everyday life, and the people you deal with day in and day out. The difference between the sociologists definition of religion and the commonsense definition is commonsense definition is kind of like a label, youre either christian, catholic, Jahovah witness etc. discussion question By kaymontgomery20

User Engagement Metrics How to Apply Them to Boost Your SEO

User Engagement Metrics How to Apply Them to Boost Your SEO It feels great to rank on the first page of Google for your primary keywords. You get all the love with tons of organic traffic. Ranking on the first page is complicated, however. Brian Dean compiled a list of over 200 ranking factors  that Google uses.  If you’re serious about improving your search visibility, you need to find a way to attend to these factors. I know how challenging this can be. And not everyone is ready to put in the hard work. But what if I told  you that there’s a rather easier way to rank high in the organic results pages?  Would you be interested? No, I’m not going to teach you some blackhat techniques or a secret to hacking Google’s index. Can I be straight up with you? From my personal experience, I observed that the most credible way to improve search performance is by focusing on user engagement metrics.   From the chart below, you’ll notice that shares, engaged time, and comments are the core metrics  for measuring user engagement. Not backlinks or content length. If you play your cards right, you can reverse-engineer user engagement to rank higher, with or without any so-called powerful links. The guide below will show you how to do it. Download Your Free User Engagement Resource Bundle User engagement metrics are driven by strong content. Understanding those metrics requires strong knowledge of analytics tools. To help you apply the advice in this post, weve pulled together these free resources you can use: Five free Google Analytics Custom Reports that show when your social media and email content drive the most traffic to your site (in just a couple clicks). 2017 Content Calendar Template to help you schedule all your content for optimal engagement. Using Google Analytics to Create Smarter Content guide to help you create content readers want, based on real data. How to Apply Powerful User Engagement Metrics to Boost Your SEOWhy User Engagement Matters User engagement is determined by observing user’s behavior. What do they do after they land on your website? Where do they click? How much time do they spend on your website? Understanding user engagement metrics helps you see what works and what doesn’t work. It helps you see what users love on your website. It’s not just about content. Design matters, too. Why? Because great design creates a great first impression and gets better marketing results. According to The Design Council, through your design, you can increase brand visibility by 200%.   The same report also states that, "Shares in companies where design plays a critical role consistently outperform key stock market indicators by 200%," and that â€Å"for every $130 spent on design, businesses that are focused on design realized a $298 return.† Recommended Reading: How to Redesign Your Website (Like ) In 10+ Easy Steps How to Work With Designers With Authentic Advice From 's Designer How to Design the Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools and Design Theory For instance, consider bounce rate. If the bounce rate of a specific blog post is higher than the rest of the posts, this means your readers don't like it as much as they do the rest of the posts. To find the bounce rate for your posts and pages in Google Analytics, here’s that path to follow once you’re logged in: BEHAVIOR = Site Content = All Pages When the statistics load, you’ll see a column for the bounce rates: Similarly, if a post has exceptionally low bounce rate, it could mean that your audience is in love with it. All things being equal. I’m sure you’re asking, â€Å"but, what is a good bounce rate?† Well, the answer isn’t straightforward because we need to consider the industry, content quality, and so on. However, all hope isn’t lost yet. You can see the average bounce rate for different industries. Additionally, GoRocketFuel conducted an exclusive study  to determine what a good bounce rate is. According to their findings: â€Å"Most websites will see bounce rates fall somewhere between 26% and 70%. The average bounce rate for the websites in my sample set was 49%. The average bounce rate for all visits in the set was 45%. I threw out the outliers- the 1% bounce rates. The highest bounce rate was 90.2%; the low (from a properly functioning profile) was 27.33%. The low across all (including broken implementations) was 1.23%.† So when you find blog posts with a good bounce rate, replicate. Create similar posts that your readers will love again. Your chances of ranking higher in Google top pages are high, because Google appreciates  a web page with a low bounce rate. Recommended Reading: How to Create a Killer Content Strategy for Your New Blog The Ultimate Blog Writing Process to Create Killer Posts How to Promote Your Blog With 107 Content Promotion Tactics Determine What Users Are Doing On-site It’s high time you get to know what users are doing on your website. Neil Patel  identified five engagement factors that will affect influence your search engine rankings. These include: Traffic. This includes visitors from organic sources. Pageviews and bounce rate. Brand mentions. Mobile-responsive design. Technical SEO (structured for users). Other engagement metrics are: Clicks on internal and external links. Social shares. Scroll depth. Form submissions.Are you paying attention to these important user engagement signals?Note:  All of these metrics and factors don’t influence search rankings at the same time. Most website owners and SEOs find it hard to rank higher in Google when they try to manipulate search rankings. But the truth is, SEO  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ as daunting and complicated as it may seem – still boils down to one simple practice: provide value. The illustration below  shows that the more value you provide, the more of it you’ll get. Source: HubSpot Good #SEO boils down to one simple practice: providing value.According to Search Engine Watch, the correlation between user engagement metrics (i.e., time on site, bounce rate and average pages per visit) and search engine ranking reveals that not all the signals are equally important. These user engagement metrics can be accessed from Google Analytics. This will help you identify the best performing landing pages on your website. These engagement metrics are the results of user’s behavior while on your website. To see these metrics in your Google Analytics account go to: Acquisition - All Traffic - Channels When you’ve identified your best performing landing pages, you need to install a heat map script  so that you can study the user behavior properly. To find your best performing landing pages, follow this path in Google Analytics: Behavior = Site Content = Landing Pages Here's how to find your best-performing landing pages using Google Analytics:Use Heatmaps to Understand Vantage Positioning A heat map tool like Crazy Egg  can show you the exact sections of your website that users are clicking and why? It uses mouse-tracking to determine scroll and clicks. To fully understand what users do on your website, where they click, how deep they scroll, and what they don’t like, you have to use heatmaps- it gives you better insights about users. Source: Piktochart For instance, you saw five pages in Google Analytics with below average bounce rates. At that point, you should ask yourself, â€Å"why do people like these pages more than other pages on the same website?† Do they like the video? Or the infographic? Or the GIFs or something else? This is where a heat map tool gets the job done. You can determine the following using a heat map: How users move their mouse on any given page. Do they move their mouse on the title and images? A click map shows where users click on the page. Are they clicking the new video that you just created? Scroll maps show how deep users scroll. It’s one of the best user engagement metrics that show the point users exit the page. This makes it easier to adjust the length of your page. For a demonstration of CrazyEgg and how to use it to interpret your website data, see the Koozai Guide to Using CrazyEgg. This information,  alongside data from Google Analytics will help you identify the most interactive parts on the best-performing pages. When you’re armed with such insights about your users, it’s easy to create compelling content that will improve your search visibility. Based on Google Analytics and your heatmaps, you can determine what type of content is most suitable for your audience. Lim Cheng Soon  used heatmaps  to track the user behavior on Pair’s landing page (now rebranded as Couple). Here’s what  the homepage looked like  before: Now, see what their  heatmap revealed: The navigation bar at the top left was getting more clicks than the conversion button. It was a distraction. Though they were getting a decent traffic on the homepage, pageviews were counting, and everything was working fine. But they weren’t getting as many downloads as expected. So, Lim removed the navigation bar and conversion rate quickly increased by 12%. He also removed the ‘download for free’ text above the button and it increased conversion rate by an additional 10%. Create More Interactive Content If you want to increase user’s time on your website, you need to add more interaction to your content. You could add interactive infographics  to your post, or embed quizzes. However, there are two forms of interactive content  that truly boost engagement. These include: a).   Calculators: Integrating a simple calculator into your written content can improve your content’s perceived value and take your engagement to the roof. For example, SilkRoad, a HR software for Talent Management created a calculator  to show prospective clients they could become more productive and save with its employee onboarding automation solution. Within 3 months, the company saw an increase in lead generation and content engagement. You'll need to work with your development team to make something like this happen. However, the results are worth it. b).   Interactive video: Video marketing still works. Data from Convince and Convert  shows that audiences are 10x more likely to engage with video content. Sadly, they’re still a static medium, which means that you have a lot of opportunities right now to make your videos interactive. But how? In an interactive video, you’re giving viewers the opportunity to participate in your video as opposed to just viewing it. You could add interactive hotspots so that a viewer can click to learn more about the person, an event, or a topic. Some of the handy tools that you can use to create interactive videos are: Wirewax Thinglink RaptMedia Truth is, interactive videos can quickly improve your audience’s perception of your brand. Interactive videos can quickly improve your audience’s perception of your brand.According to Tom Whatley: â€Å"One of the best examples of interactive video I've seen is the Guardian's "Seven Digital Deadly Sins." In it, viewers can explore the stories of seven users of digital media and how it affects their lives. A 'burger menu' to the side adds to the user interface, and there are several "easter eggs" in the form of one-question surveys that show real-time stats.† Here's a quick look at it: Recommended Reading: How to Make a Video Content Marketing Strategy To Boost Your New Series How to Get Started With Twitter Video Marketing How to Do Facebook Video Marketing the Right Way When you’re looking to create more engagement on your page, adding more interactivity can help. But again, it comes after studying your users closely using tools. Statistics  show that interactive content converts better than passive content. In the study, interactive content converted more than 70% of buyers while the passive content only converted 36% of buyers. Two of the reasons why most people don’t build interaction into their content is because they don’t know what type of interactive content to create that users will love. This challenge can be solved using Google Analytics and heatmaps. What #interactive #content will your audience love? Find out with Google Analytics and @CrazyEgg:To get started, you can create different forms of interactive content with these tools: Qzzr: A simple tool for creating online quizzes for free. SnapApp: It’s a powerful content platform which allows you to turn static content (e.g., PDF document) into an interactive slide presentation). Mapme: Build interactive maps with videos, words, and photos. Infogr.am: Use this tool to create interactive infographics and charts. Once you start creating interactive content, your audience will start engaging with it at a better level. And because Google follows users, your web page will start to gain more visibility in the organic search. Don’t just create any type of content. But rather, make content marketing  decisions based on the feedback from your best-performing content which you found on Google Analytics. It must be based on what your audience is already engaging with. For instance, if feedback from analytics and heat maps reveal that infographics perform better than text. You'd then want to create more infographics to engage with your readers. Recommended Reading: How to Make an Infographic in 7 Easy Steps Craft Beneficial Headlines, Not Clickbait You can use user engagement metrics and insights from Google Analytics and heatmaps to write better headlines. Here’s how. Let’s assume that one of your best performing landing pages has this headline: 12 Smart Ways To Launch a Successful Online Course Then all things being equal, your readers are telling you that they prefer ‘number headlines.’ So, you’re expected to create more of them. If that’s the case, then your subsequent posts might read thus: 11 Product Launch Tools That I Use Every Time 7 Steps To Hack a Winning Product Idea 3 Must-Have Pricing Strategies You Should Adopt More importantly, you can get more clicks on your headlines if you make them beneficial. According to Brian Clark, 8 out of 10 people  will click on your headline. Real headlines that offer value is what you should craft for your interactive content. Clickbait headlines may seem to do the trick, but they will only cause search users to bounce the moment they land on your page and discover that you’ve tricked them. This is not what you want, right? Here are a few techniques to help you write headlines: Make them benefit-driven.  Clearly state the benefit that the readers will get from the content. Here are some examples of such headlines: 7 Ways To Get Your First 1,000 Email Subscribers Here’s another example from Neil Patel’s blog: Keep headlines descriptive. Inappropriate, ambiguous, and unclear headlines might send untargeted traffic to your page. Use A/B test  to prove your best headlines. Optimize headlines. Include a keyword in the headline that will help you drive traffic from search engines. Bonus Tip: Use 's free Headline Analyzer to make sure every headline you write is a winner. A killer headline combined with the content that your users and search engines have shown great interest in initially will rank exceptionally well in search engines. A killer headline + content your users want = search rankings.This type of content doesn’t need a lot of backlinks to rank. As long as users like the content, they’ll share it, and Google will naturally rank it. Maybe not on the first page right away, but as the user engagement increases, this page will climb to the top. More so, if users like it so much, they’ll link to it as well. So, you may not be out to build links, but you’ll earn them nonetheless. Recommended Reading: How to Write Awesome Social Media Headlines Your Audience Will Love How to Write Emotional Headlines That Get More Shares How to Write Headlines That Drive Traffic, Shares, and Search Results How Will You Use User Engagement Metrics to Create Better Content? Focusing on your users and what interests them is truly the best way to create content that ranks highly in Google organic pages. It may seem like a lot of work, and it’s true, but if you dare to listen to your audience more it becomes a lot easier to answer their questions.

American History Timeline - 1701 - 1725

American History Timeline - 1701 - 1725 The first quarter of the 18th century in America can be characterized as a time of conflict, with different European colonies- English, French and Spanish- waging fierce and political battles against each other and the Native American inhabitants over new territories and colonization strategies. Slavery as a way of life became entrenched in the American colonies. 1701 Fort Pontchartrain is built by the French at Detroit. October 9: Yale College is founded. It will not become a university until 1887, one of nine universities established in Colonial America. October 28: William Penn gives Pennsylvania its first constitution, called the Charter of Privileges. 1702 17 April: New Jersey is formed when East and West Jersey are united under the authority of the New York governor. May: Queen Anne’s War (The War of Spanish Succession) begins when England declares war on Spain and France. Later in the year, the Spanish settlement at St. Augustine falls to Carolina forces. Cotton Mather publishes The Ecclesiastical History of New England (Magnalia Christi Americana), 1620–1698. 1703 May 12: Connecticut and Rhode Island agree upon a common boundary line. 1704 February 29: During Queen Anne’s War, French and Abenaki Indians destroy Deerfield Massachusetts. Later in the year, New England colonists destroy two important supply villages in Acadia (present day Nova Scotia). April 24: The first regular newspaper, the Boston News-Letter was published. May 22: The first Delaware assembly meets at the town of New Castle. 1705 The Virginia Black Code of 1705 is passed, restricting the travel of enslaved persons and naming them officially as real estate. It read in part: All servants imported and brought into the Country...who were not Christians in their native Country...shall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion...shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master...correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened.   1706 January 17: Benjamin Franklin is born to  Josiah Franklin and  Abiah Folger,   August: French and Spanish soldiers unsuccessfully attack Charlestown, South Carolina during Queen Anne’s War. Chattel  slavery  is introduced by French colonists in  Louisiana, after they raid Chitimacha settlements. 1707 May 1: The United Kingdom of Great Britain is founded when the Act of the Union combines England, Scotland, and Wales. 1708 December 21: The English settlement at Newfoundland is captured by French and Indian forces. 1709 Massachusetts is becoming more willing to accept other religions as evidenced by the Quakers being allowed to establish a meeting house in Boston. 1710 October 5–13: The English capture Port Royal (Nova Scotia) and rename the settlement Annapolis. December 7: A deputy governor is appointed over North Carolina, although the Carolinas considered one colony. 1711 September 22: The Tuscarora Indian War begins when North Carolina settlers are killed by the Indians. 1712 The separation of North and South Carolina is officially enacted. June 7: Pennsylvania bans the import of slaves into the colony. 1713 March 23: When South Carolinian forces capture Fort Nohucke of the Tuscarora Indians, the remaining Indians flee north and join the Iroquois Nation, ending the Tuscarora War. April 11: The first of the peace treaties under the Treaty of Utrecht is signed, ending Queen Anne’s War. Acadia, Hudson Bay, and Newfoundland are given to the English. 1714 August 1: King George I becomes the King of England. He would reign until 1727.   Tea is introduced to the American colonies. 1715 February: Charles, the fourth Lord Baltimore successfully petitions the crown for return o Maryland, but he dies before taking control of the colony. 15 May: Maryland is restored to William, the fifth Lord Baltimore. 1717 Scots-Irish immigration begins in earnest due to higher rent rates in the Great Britain. 1718 Spring: New Orleans is founded (although not recorded,later the traditional date becomes May 7). May 1: The Spanish found the city of San Antonio in the Texas territory. The Valero  mission is established  at San Pedro Springs in present-day San Antonioby Fray Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares, a Franciscan missionary of the College of Santa Cruz de Querà ©taro. It would later be renamed the Alamo. 1719 May: Spanish settlers surrender Pensacola, Florida to French forces. Two ships of African slaves arrive in Louisiana, carrying rice farmers from the West Coast of Africa, the first enslaved Africans brought into the colony. 1720 The three largest cities in the colonies are Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City. 1721 South Carolina is named a royal colony and the first provisional governor arrives. April:  Robert Walpole becomes the English Chancellor of the Exchequer,and a period of â€Å"benign neglect† begins that will have huge ramifications in the years leading up to the American Revolution. 1722 The building later known as the Alamo is erected as a mission in San Antonio. 1723 Maryland requires the establishment of public schools in all counties. 1724 Fort Drummer is built as protection against the Abenaki, forming what would become the first permanent settlement in Vermont at present-day Brattleboro. 1725 There are an estimated 75,000 black slaves in the American colonies, out of a half-million non-Native American residents. Source Schlesinger, Jr., Arthur M., ed. The Almanac of American History. Barnes Nobles Books: Greenwich, CT, 1993.

Bt and Gypsy Moth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bt and Gypsy Moth - Essay Example trees. Sparks, Michaels and Daniels (2013) reiterate that the larvae of Lymantria dispar have often caused significant defoliation in the past. Lymantria dispar’s life cycle usually start over the season of winter when the insects lay large masses of eggs. Ruiu and Roberto (2013) reiterate that these eggs hatch in generous numbers over the seasons of spring. Lymantria dispar represents a noteworthy risk to forests in various parts of the world. Preservation of the Cork Oak Forest would require implementation of proper management programs. In the past, forest conservation bodies have often considered several management approaches to control the adverse effects of Lepidopteran defoliators. However, some biological and practical limitations have of alternative pest control methods to contain the infestation of the defoliators over large tracks of lands have been observed. Currently, environmental conservation bodies have concentrated on the use of entomopathogenic microorganisms such as Bacillusthuringiensis (Btk) given the reason that these organisms’ impacts can be felt over large areas. Bacillusthuringiensis (Btk) products have become increasingly crucial as integrated means of pest management and are incessantly being employed in the control of pests in agro systems and forests around the globe. Bacillusthuringiensis (Btk) formulae that are used in the control of Lepidoptera consist of a concoction that includes parasporal bodies such as crystals and bacterial spores. The parasporal bodies contain insecticidal toxins such as the cry proteins. In the view of Sparks, Michaels and Daniels (2013), the gypsy moths consume the proteins which become activated after they are injected into their bodies. The proteins then become bound to specific plasma membrane receptors on the midgut section of the insect pests; epithelium. They sip into the cell membrane and determine the formation of

NONE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

NONE - Essay Example The theory of conspicuous consumption is evident in the lives of very many people today. For instance, many renowned celebrities today such as rappers, singers, actors, sports personalities, deejays, and socialites among others are known to make a lot of money. These celebrities do not shy from spending their money lavishly in ways that are intended to provoke the envy of other members of the public just as stipulated in Veblen’s theory of conspicuous consumption. They simply do this as a means of displaying their superior socio-economic status and letting the world know that they are economically powerful. For example, popular celebrity actor Jennifer Aniston passed by a New York lighting store and spent $ 20,000 on lights for her mansion in Los Angeles. While in Paris, socialite Kim Kardashian spent more than $ 100,000 on buying less than seven handbags for herself. Victoria Beckham was also recorded as having spent more than $ 1.5 million on clothes, sunglasses, shoes and b ags. Other conspicuous spenders include Brad Pitt who spent more than $ 10,000 at once just buying boy’s clothes. The fact that the above mentioned celebrities go on these spending sprees conspicuously and end up attracting the attention of members of the public on their spending abilities proves that Veblen’s theory of conspicuous spending is still relevant today because it is evident in the spending habits of a group of people who wish to maintain a certain social status. According to Veblen’s theory, this social class of super rich people came into sight as an outcome of the accumulation of wealth during the Second Industrial Revolution. That is the same case with the people who conspicuously spend money on luxury items today. They usually accumulate their wealth through various ventures that they engage in. After accumulating their wealth, they apply it as a way of publicly displaying their social and economic power. This is

Consumer behavior - marketing strategy Term Paper

Consumer behavior - marketing strategy - Term Paper Example Some of the major factors, which influence consumers’ decision regarding purchase of a product, include price of the product, quality of the product, self-image, cultural factors, and social pressure. â€Å"Consumer behavior is deeply influenced by cultural factors such as: buyer culture, subculture, and social class† (Shah). Analysis of consumer behavior is very important for the managers because it helps them develop marketing strategies in accordance with the mindset of the consumers. Strategic Marketing Planning Masters states, â€Å"Strategic marketing is a consumer-based approach to product promotion that identifies market segments and attempts to make them more profitable by providing superior value†. Strategic marketing is the type of marketing which managers use to create such plans for the company, which should not only motivate consumers to buy the products of the company but also should increase the productivity and profitability of the company. Produ ctivity depends on the satisfaction and retention of customers of the company. When the customers will be satisfied from the products of the company, they will work as a source to attract more customers for the company and as a result, the productivity and the profitability of the company will increase. ... All of these methods have a significant importance in marketing of a company’s products. These methods really prove to be successful for the companies to make consumers buy their products. Perner states, â€Å"The study of consumers helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies†. Strategic marketing is the powerful force, which drives an organization towards achievement of desired goals and objectives regarding any innovation. A company should typically create and develop a well-written strategic marketing plan, which should be able to promote the innovative products of any organization. The main purpose of designing and implementing an appropriate strategic marketing plan encompasses two basic motives. First motive is to attract consumers towards the product whereas the second motive is to increase the productivity of the company. If a company becomes able to attract the customers in a competitive market through suitable and effective marketing techn iques, its success and competitive edge in the market can really be guaranteed. Achieving market supremacy is the mission of most of the manufacturing companies and this mission can only be achieved through developing and launching such marketing campaigns strategies, which are able to reach a large number of consumers. Market supremacy can be achieved when a company uses such modes of marketing, which make use of latest technologies like internet, emails, television adds, and other stuff like that. When the managers of a company want to create a strategic marketing plan for a new product, they consult the plan with different departments, such as, sales, administration, and operation for of identification of marketing goals. It is the role

You can choose a topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can choose a topic - Assignment Example ch as television broadcasting and radio entertainment, marketing advertisements in newspapers and magazines and advertisement using banners and billboards (Baines, Fill, & Page, 2011). The Russ All construction limited company located in California United States is to produce steel products, design process and produce high quality components and machinery that exceed the consumer requirements. This is by employing appropriate art technology and highly skilled work force. This is to ensure production of quality goods to meet the demands of the consumers. It is also in line to ensure a healthy competition with other steel and manufacture companies. The company vision is to be the regional and international market leader in production and designs of steel products and components. Core values incorporated include customer focus, integrity, teamwork, social responsibility, professionalism and environmental responsibilities. The area to be involved for the survey is California area in United States to determine their view and perception of the products produced by the Russ All construction limited company. The reason for conducting the survey is determining the awareness among the residents of the company. The survey will also determine preference of customers to buy the products produced by the company over other companies producing similar products. The survey will later be used by the company improvement on the production, marketing process, and meeting demands of consumers for the company, to reach the desired target market (Leung, 2001). The method to be used to collect data is the use of questionnaires to the sample identified. Members in the company have been selected to conduct the survey. They are divided to groups, and they are to provide residents with the questionnaire papers to fill under guidance (Kruschke, 2010). Data for the survey was collected analyzed, and the finding presented. ‘The Russ All construction limited company produces steel products,

The effectiveness of SMS,Internet and other advertising for business Essay

The effectiveness of SMS,Internet and other advertising for business incubators - Essay Example This is a relatively new form of advertising, yet one that has already generated a wide range of textual sub-types. (Hughes, 1998) For example, there are simple 'banners' pasted across WebPages advertising a particular service or product; there are whole sites run by specific companies, such as Coca-Cola or Benetton; and there are mailshots that arrive in people's email boxes, in the form of brochures, memos and letters. In addition to these more obvious forms of advertising, there are now, of course, Internet versions of some of the texts such as university prospectuses and church posters (for an example of the latter, go to http://www.bbc.co.uk and click on 'religion'.Although some concern has been expressed that the standard of advertising has been poor on the Internet and that this has damaged the chances of dot-com companies to turn a profit, there is no doubt that Internet texts can be very imaginative because of the resources available to them for interactivity. What follows i s a starting point for thinking about the ways WebPages offer a different kind of read from paper pages. Getting some idea about this will be important in order to assess how online advertising texts might work. (Judge, 1998) WebPages and SMS as Advertising Tools For incubators firms advertising, WebPages are organised very differently from their paper counterparts. In fact, the term 'page' when applied to an Internet text is a metaphor. Electronic texts are not formed of pages at all, but we are encouraged to think in this way because it makes electronic discourse seem familiar and approachable. Electronic texts are a bit like a set of Russian dolls: as you read a screenful of text and click a link, you are taken to a new set of information and new links. You can keep going until all the links run out which, in some cases, will take the reader a long way from their starting point (often called a 'homepage'). This process is sometime referred to as non-linearity: paper texts are described as linear because they are processed line-by-line, while electronic texts can be read in many different ways, with readers jumping between sections of text, between different pages, and between different Internet sites in a non-linear fashion. (Solomon, 1995 ) As will be inferred from reading the above, electronic texts are often seen as offering more opportunity for interactivity than paper texts. Readers can scroll pages in various directions, can click through to new information via links, can stop a page working altogether, and can, in many cases, save and archive a text in their own files. Interactivity works both ways, however: it isn't just about the reader being active, since the availability of certain kinds of electronic tools also allows a webpage to be in motion in the way a paper page can only dream about. Animated graphics allow language and images to dance and sing (provided the computer has a sound card, in the latter case); pictures can dissolve and re-form to show narrative progression of an idea; a question can be asked in the text, then disappear and form itself into an answer. Line drawings and logos can appear to come to life, and the only limits to colour, glitter and other appearances of physicality are

You can choose a topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can choose a topic - Assignment Example ch as television broadcasting and radio entertainment, marketing advertisements in newspapers and magazines and advertisement using banners and billboards (Baines, Fill, & Page, 2011). The Russ All construction limited company located in California United States is to produce steel products, design process and produce high quality components and machinery that exceed the consumer requirements. This is by employing appropriate art technology and highly skilled work force. This is to ensure production of quality goods to meet the demands of the consumers. It is also in line to ensure a healthy competition with other steel and manufacture companies. The company vision is to be the regional and international market leader in production and designs of steel products and components. Core values incorporated include customer focus, integrity, teamwork, social responsibility, professionalism and environmental responsibilities. The area to be involved for the survey is California area in United States to determine their view and perception of the products produced by the Russ All construction limited company. The reason for conducting the survey is determining the awareness among the residents of the company. The survey will also determine preference of customers to buy the products produced by the company over other companies producing similar products. The survey will later be used by the company improvement on the production, marketing process, and meeting demands of consumers for the company, to reach the desired target market (Leung, 2001). The method to be used to collect data is the use of questionnaires to the sample identified. Members in the company have been selected to conduct the survey. They are divided to groups, and they are to provide residents with the questionnaire papers to fill under guidance (Kruschke, 2010). Data for the survey was collected analyzed, and the finding presented. ‘The Russ All construction limited company produces steel products,

Organizational Culture Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organizational Culture Analysis - Essay Example The essay "Organizational Culture Analysis" presents the analysis of the organizational culture as the defined whole set of values, personalities, norms, assumptions, behaviors, beliefs, ideas and tangible and intangible signs of the organization in its internal and external environments of business conduct. Such tangible and intangible artifacts include organizational goals such as mission and vision. Culture is a tool for the manager to inculcate a set of values, beliefs, and ideas in the employee whose vision is then transformed into that of the organization’s vision. According to Edgar Schein organizational culture is â€Å"A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way you perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems". Schein has provided one of the most thought-provoking definitions to organizational culture and goes on to claim that of all the attributes of the organization, culture is perhaps the most difficult to transform. He identifies three attributes in the organization culture. Next Geert Hofstede identified five dimensions as the basis for organizational culture. Hofstede actually preceded Schein the latter theory’s importance is much greater. It has been given the preference in this paper. A number of other scholars produced their theories on organizational culture too.

Human resources are how a business recruits Essay Example for Free

Human resources are how a business recruits Essay Human resources are how a business recruits, retains and manages key features and functions of their employees. If businesses are to obtain their objectives, they must plan their human resources function so they have the right number of employees with the right kinds of qualifications and training to meet the needs of the business. Human resources use different approaches to all the different aspects of human resource planning and management. Human resource planning Businesses have to plan carefully to ensure that they have the right number of suitable employees for their needs. To do this they need a good understanding of the labour market in the areas where they operate. Human resource planning also involves looking at how labour is organised within the business. A range of factors when making decisions about staffing from the labour market includes; * Labour turnover * Sickness and accident rates * Age, Skills and Training * Succession In an ideal world businesses should plan ahead when it comes to human resources. A well-organised business will have forecasts and projections of its future staffing needs. These will then be matched to forecasts and projections about the local labour market, which means that the business can develop appropriate strategies for the recruitment, training and development of its staff. Recruitment and selection Recruitment and selection is a well-worn topic, which is treated fully in all major texts. There is always a tension between getting the right person for a job and how much resource in terms of time and money is devoted to recruitment. Businesses recruit staff for a variety of reasons. These can include: * The growth or reconstruction of the business * Changing job roles within a business * Filling vacancies created by resignation, retirement and dismissal * Internal promotion The recruitment process can be costly, in terms of resources devoted to the process and costs associated with recruiting poor performing staff. Therefore, it is important to select accurately people for interview. Businesses need to be very clear about the requirements of the job and about the kind of person they are looking for. This is done in several ways; * Preparing person specifications and job descriptions * Carefully planning how, when and where to advertise * Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of job applications, curriculum vitae and letters of application * Short-listing candidates Training and development Training and development are currently big issues for many businesses in most parts of the country, especially where there are low rates of unemployment. Moreover, more and more businesses are realising that if they fail to invest in training and development they will become uncompetitive. Training and development includes the following; * Induction training * Mentoring * Coaching * Apprenticeships * In-House training * External Training * Recognition of prior learning (RPL) and/or accreditation of prior learning (APL) and accreditation of prior experience and learning (APEL). Performance management Performance management refers to different strategies designed to get the best of a business work force. Different techniques are employed which attempt to relate performance with pay, or promotion or training. Such schemes are not always popular with workers. The following are methods that businesses use to manage the performance of their employees; * Performance reviews including appraisals * Self-evaluation * Peer evaluation * Target setting of individuals and groups. The labour Market Sainsburys constantly monitor the labour market to see any trends in each sector. They use local and national surveys to gather this information. Information gathered is them allocated to the departments that it would suit the best and what people are looking for. For example Sainsburys may be looking for trained bakers and fishmongers, as it is a rare profession. They may also look to see if anyone may reach this profession with a small amount of training, they may investigate if the opportunity cost of training them is viable. If Sainsburys needed a fishmonger and there was one available then they would have to pay them a decent amount of money to be able to acquire their services. This is because they are quite rare to find and may easily be coaxed into another job with money. They may also try to keep these professionals for a long time in one store so that the job in done with consistency. As sainsburys require a high standard they may send them to an off site training course to build up their knowledge of a certain area. Changing features in the market trends makes it hard for firms such as Sainsburys to find the staff they want for specific hi-skilled jobs. This may because there is an increase in professional and managerial work and a decrease in unskilled and semi-skilled work. Also people such as Bakers may have learnt new skills to enter different sections of the labour market. For example a Baker may have had enough of his job, taken an evening class in management, gained qualifications other than baking and joined a more managerial part of the team. Sainsburys need to look hard at the staff they acquire from agencies and applications and think hard about if it would be worth training them up for a specific job. They have to pick them up at exactly the right time. This means that they have to get them before they go elsewhere but have to be wary of them getting trained at great expense to sainsburys and then leaving for a job with better job satisfaction or better money. They have t get the balance just right unless it could prove costly. If Sainsburys employ new staff they may have to restructure the departments, this may prove popular with some staff but unpopular with others. Sainsburys have to think about management structures becoming flatter as a result of greater development of responsibilities and how hierarchies are being replaced by team working. Demographics show that the UK workforce is aging. This can be taken as a good aspect but also as a bad one. Some advantages of having an ageing workforce are that: * They know their job inside out and know how to deal with certain situations. * They have plenty of experience and may be able to offer light on problems which younger staff may have never encountered before. * It may be more reassuring to the customer to see an well experienced person doing the job rather then a young face straight out of school. Some disadvantages of having an ageing workforce are that: * As people get older they may be more susceptible to illness and take more time off. * With new computer equipment they may have to be sent on an expensive training course to learn new ways of working. * They may not be as motivated as younger staff as they are happy with their jobs and realise that they may not be doing it much longer. They may also not want to go for promotions, as they do not want to be bothered with the stress of the modern workplace. There is a steady decline in Primary and manufacturing sectors and an increase in service sector employment. This may work in sainsburys favour as they have positions for all sorts of people in all different sectors. There are a lot of people wanting to do the jobs where you do not need as much experience such as till manning and shelf stacking but they also have room for people with experience such as the butchers and bakers. As there is such a lot of people wanting to take on the less experience needed jobs the employees in these positions have to try and make a good impression and try hard as they know that there is always someone around the corner waiting for their job. This may boost Sainsburys productivity and customer relations. There are increasing numbers of women being qualified in previously mans work. More and more women are being trained as butchers and fishmongers. Women are now holding more high skilled positions now also, for example it would not be uncommon to ask to see the manager and a women to walk out and speak to you. This may seem strange to older generations who may still believe that it should be a mans job. The education and training system is undergoing a change. There has been a major expansion in further and higher education and the development of more flexible vocational training structures. This allows more part-time and mature students to gain higher qualifications. This may also allow them to train whilst working, improving there skills for an in-house vacancy. Part-time students make up a large proportion of Sainsburys workforce. This is because they can work flexible hours and are willing to learn. They may also not mind doing low skilled jobs as they need the money and know that they may not be doing that job forever as they are studying at a high level, having these people on their books may be an advantage to Sainsburys as if they are good they may placed in the running for higher positions. When they finish their higher education weather it be A-Levels or Degree they may give them a chance to move up the ladder. This may seem promising to the employee who already has friends there and knows the set up. They may also like it as it saves them the hassle of finding a completely new job. The sectors that are forecast to expand are those, which have grown since the early 1980s. The exception is construction, where employment is forecast to fall 4.2%. The largest absolute increase in employment is in public services. The majority of new jobs are to be in education and health, which is an area, which has seen significant growth since the early 1980s. Financial and Business services are expected to show the fastest percentage growth. Business services are expected to be the strongest performer in this sector with employment growth at 2.5% per year whilst a fall is forecast in financial services. Manufacturing is set to see further productivity gains, which may lead to falls in unemployment. Norwichs Economy * One third of all the jobs in Norfolk are within the Norwich city council area. This totals up to 94,000 people. * Half the jobs in Norfolk are within the greater Norwich area. Employment in Norwich has grown over the last 6 years, but more slowly than the UK as a whole. * Over 90% of Norwich companies employ less than 50 people but over half of the Norwich workforce are employed in the 66 largest companies and organisations such as Norwich Union and Mash. * More than 50,000 people travel into Norwich each day to work, from the surrounding area. * The average earnings of full-time employees in Norwich (Excluding overtime) are just over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 per hour, which is below the national average of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11.18 per hour. * Between 1995 and 2000 employment grew fastest in financial services, public sector and construction. * In the next few years most jobs are likely to be created within Norwich in business services, hotels and catering, retailing, banking and insurance and construction. There will be a long-term demand for construction skills creating sustainable jobs. * Tourism is growing fast and currently provides 5,600 jobs in Norwich Trends in employment 1997-2007(predictions) 1997 2007 Increasing involvement of Women Female share of total employment 46.5% 48.2% Female share of employees in employment 49.7% 51.7% More Working part-time Part-time share of employees in employment 29.1% 31.2% More self-employed Self employed share of total employment 13.0% 15.2% Supply and Demand graph for Wage Rates S WR1 WR = Wage Rate Sk = Skills WR D2 D Sk Sk1 As you can see as the demand for high skilled people goes up so does the wages they will be getting paid. Supply of Labour S2 S WR = Wage WR2 Rate L = Labour WR D L2 L If the supply of labour decreases then the wage rate will increase. Minimum Wage rate S WR2 WR1 D Q2 Q1 If a minimum wage is introduced which is higher than the wage rate the demand for labour falls Training and Development The aim of training a person is to permanently change their ability. Improving their knowledge, experience and skills does this. To start you off at Sainsburys you are given an induction. This tells you the basics of your job and allows you to do it. Induction programmes are designed to familiarise new recruits with the layout, security systems and about health and safety within the company. To inspire new recruits they may be introduced to key personnel. Sainsburys hold policy interviews, one review happens at 3 weeks, one at 7 weeks and then again at 11 weeks. Sainsburys holds in-house training and coaching in each branch. They also have a How well and I doing? handbook which they give to each employee. This can map out paths and set targets, different for each section on the company. The targets set are: * Measurable * Specific * Time-related * Agreed * Realistic These are set at 6-month periods. The workbooks, which are used for technical training, coach trainees on a specific part of their job. They help them understand what they have got to do and how they have got to do it. For example training for a checkout operator may be given on a dummy checkout and they on a real one serving customers but with supervision. Each store trains its own staff at their job; training centres are used for external training, which may be specific to a persons job such as health and safety or food hygiene. These parts of training may also involve passing an exam and gaining a qualification. The in store training organiser may not be qualified to teach this. External training may also occur when the trainee is learning a specialist subject. For example a fishmonger may be sent to a special training-centre especially for fishmongers. I believe that Sainsburys send their head fishmongers to a centre in London. Sainsburys also has a training room where training videos are shown to trainees. These may be in general subjects such as customer relations. This is very handy as videos can be shown to a trainee as many times as it takes and at very little cost. Also the audience can be selected and many trained at a time. Sainsburys also has a computer on which there are training programs, these give training and also provide a test, which they have to pass.

Literature Review On Remote Sensing Environmental Sciences Essay

Literature Review On Remote Sensing Environmental Sciences Essay Remote sensing is the science or art of acquiring information about the Earths surface without actually being in contact with it. This is done by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing, and applying that information. In much of remote sensing, the process involves an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. (Dr. S. M. Rahman, 2001). Remote sensing makes it possible to collect data on dangerous or inaccessible areas. Remote sensing applications include monitoring deforestation  in areas such as the  Amazon Basin,  glacial  features in Arctic and Antarctic regions, and  depth sounding  of coastal and ocean depths. Military collection during the  Cold War  made use of stand-off collection of data about dangerous border areas. Remote sensing also replaces costly and slow data collection on the ground, ensuring in the process that areas or objects are not disturbed. Remote sensing exceedingly influences everyday life, ranging from  weather forecasts  to reports on  climate change  or  natural disasters. As an example, 80% of the German students use the services of  Google Earth. (Wikipedia, 2012) In recent time, with mans increasing interventions with the environment, the situation is aggravated. The quality of available data is extremely uneven. Land use planning based on unreliable data can lead to costly and gross errors. Soil erosion research is a capital-intensive and time-consuming exercise. Global extrapolation on the basis of few data collected by diverse and non-standardized methods can lead to gross errors and it can also lead to costly mistakes and misjudgements on critical policy issues. So, remote sensing provides convenient solution for this problem. Moreover, voluminous data gathered with the help of remote sensing techniques are batter handled and utilized with the help of Geographical Information System (GIS). (M. H. Mohamed Rinos, 2000) There are two different approaches that can be adopted for determining the characteristics of landslide from remote sensing data. The first approach determines more qualitative characteristics such as number, distribution, type and character of debris flow. This can be achieved with either satellite or air borne imagery collected in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum. The next approach complements the qualitative characterization, estimating dimensions (e.g. length, width, thickness and local slope, motion, and debris distribution) along and across the mass movement. (V. Singhroy, 2004) Literature Review on Geographical Information System (GIS) Geographical Information System (GIS) is used to arrange the computer hardware, software, and geographic data. It helps the people interact, analyze, identify relationship and find the solutions to the problems. The system is designed to capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display studied data and used to perform analyses (ESRI, 2005). Since 1970s, GIS has been used to analyze various environments. But the extensive application of GIS to hydrologic and hydraulic modeling and flood mapping and management begin from early 1990s. (Maidment, 2000). GIS has the ability to represent elevation in terms of topographic surfaces is central to geomorphological analyses and thus to the importance of representing topography using Digital Elevation Model (DEM). It is through the distribution of soil that the land surface changes over the long term and so the ability to link sediment transfer with DEM changes. (Schmidt, 2000) ArcView GIS desktop software provided the tools of map features that will affect a propertys value such as crime rates, environmental hazards, and the condition of surrounding neighborhoods and properties. ESRIs ArcGIS is a GIS which is working with maps and geographic information. ArcGIS software can be used for following functions: creating and using maps, compiling geographic data, analyzing mapped information, sharing and discovering geographic information, using maps and geographic information in a range of applications, and managing geographic information in database. (Wikipedia, ArcGIS, 2012). The ArcGIS provides tools for constructing maps and geographic information. Literature review on soil erosion Soil erosion is one form of soil degradation along with soil compaction, low organic matter, and loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinization, and soil acidity problems (Wall, 2003). When the degradation of the soil is getting serious, it will contribute in accelerate the soil erosion. Soil erosion is a natural process; it usually does not cause any major problem to the environment. The soil is carried by the agents such as wind, water, ice, animals, and the use of tools by man. Soil erosion is a very slow process and even unnoticeable sometime, but it may occur at an alarming rate which causing the loss of topsoil. Farmers worldwide are losing about 24 billion tonnes of topsoil each year. In developing countries, because of the population pressure forces land to be more intensively farmed, the erosion rates per acre are twice as high as the standard. The soil erosion also will affect the productivity and growth. This is because when the soils are depleted and crops receive poor nourishment from the soil, the food provides poor nourishment to people. The rate of losses soil is faster than the creation of new soil. The difference between creation and loss represents an annual loss of 7.5 to 10 tonnes per acre worldwide. (DeHaan, 1992) The eroded soil that enters watercourse will reduce the water quality, reduces the efficiency of the particulars drainage system and also decreases the storage capacity of lakes. Sediment is the eroded soil that settles in the water systems. Accumulation of the sediment will reduce the capacity of a river or reservoirs to hold flood water. Thus, it requires a lot of money to clean the sediment often and manually. Sediment also can block the sunlight for aquatic plant and inhibit fish spawning. The water becomes not safe for drinking if there is runoff of chemical and nutrients from surrounding farmers fields. In Malaysia, soil erosion is a common natural occurrence. This is due to particular topography, soils and corresponding vegetation that predominate and the extensive rainfall that the country experiences. However, accelerated soil erosion is becoming a serious problem in Malaysia because of rapid land use developments. Various forms of erosion control have been proposed to develop the land in ways that are sensitive to its geography. (Abdullah, 2005) Literature review on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation The development of Universal Soil Loss Equation (ULSE) initially was to assist soil conservationists in farm planning. They used ULSE to estimate the soil loss on specific slopes in specific fields. USLE was a guide for the conservationist and farmer to control the erosion if the estimated soil loss exceeded acceptable limits. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is a science tool that has been improved over the last several years. It is based on USLE and makes some improvement on the equation. The RULSE has improved the effects of soil roughness and the effect of local weather on the prediction of soil loss and sediment delivery. (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, 2003). RUSLE can be used for site evaluation and planning purposes and to aid in the decision in selecting erosion control measure. The RUSLE provides numbers to substantiate the benefits of planned erosion control measures and also an estimate of severity of erosion. A = R.K.LS.C.P A is annual soil loss (tonnes/ha/year). R is rainfall erosivity factor. It is an erosion index for the given storm period (MJ.mm/ha/h) K is soil erodibility factor. It is the erosion rate for a specific soil continuous fallow condition on a 9% slope having a length of 22.1m (tonnes/ha/(MJ.mm/ha/h)) LS are topographic factor. It represents the slope length and the slope steepness. It represents the ratio of the soil loss from a specific site to that from a unit site (9% slope with slope length 22.1m) while other parameters are held constant. C is the cover management factor. It represents the protective coverage of canopy and organic material in direct contact with the ground. P is the support practice factor. It includes the soil conservation operations and other measure of control erosion. Literature review on USLE and RUSLE Table 2.1 Comparison of USLE and RUSLE (Renard, 1991) Factor USLE RUSLE R Based on long term average rainfall conditions for specific geographic areas Data from more weather stations and thus the value are more precise for any given location. RUSLE computes a correction to R. This is to reflect the effect of raindrop impact for flat slopes striking water ponded on the surface. K Based on soil texture, organic matter content, permeability, and other factors inherent to soil type. Adjusted to account for seasonal changes such as freezing and thawing, soil moisture, and soil consolidation. LS Based on length and steepness of slope, regardless of land use. Assigning new equations based on the ratio of rill to interrill erosion, and accommodates complex slopes. C Based on cropping sequence, surface residue, surface roughness, and canopy cover, with are weighted by the percentage. Lumps these factor into a table of soil loss ratios, by crop and tillage scheme. Sub factors (prior land use, canopy cover, surface cover, surface roughness, and soil moisture) are used. Dividing each year into rotation of 15 day intervals, then calculate the soil loss ratio for each period. The value need to recalculate if one of the sub factors change. RUSLE provides improved estimates of soil loss changes as they occur throughout the year, especially relating to surface and near surface residue and the effects of climate on residue decomposition. P Values change depending on the slope ranges with some distinction for various ridge heights. It is based on installation of practices that slow runoff and thus reduce soil movement. Values are based on hydrologic soil groups, slope, row grade, ridge height, and the 10 year single storm erosion index value. In RUSLE, it computes the effect of strip-cropping based on the transport capacity of flow in dense strips relative to the amount of sediment reaching the strip. The P factor for conservation planning considers the amount and location of deposition. Literature review on landslide Landslides are a type of soil erosion and major natural geological hazards. Each year, the landslide is responsible for enormous property damage which involves both direct and indirect costs. Malaysia experience frequent landslides. According to the local newspaper report in the years 2006-2009, along east coast highways in Peninsular Malaysia, in Sabah (East Malaysia) and in the island state of Penang, heavy rainfalls triggered landslides and mud flows. (Pradhan, 2009) Landslides happen when there are changes from a stable to an unstable condition in the stability of a slope. There are natural causes and human causes which contributing to a change in the stability of a slope. Natural causes of landslides include: Groundwater (pore water) pressure acting to destabilize the slope Loss or absence of vertical vegetative structure, soil nutrients and soil structure Erosion of the toe of a slope by rivers or ocean waves Weakening of a slope through saturation by snowmelt, glaciers melting, or heavy rains Earthquakes adding loads to barely table slope Earthquake-caused liquefaction destabilizing slopes Volcanic eruptions Landslides that are due to human causes are: Deforestation, cultivation and construction, which destabilize the already fragile slope Vibrations from machinery or traffic Blasting Earthwork which alters the shape of a slope, or which imposes new loads on existing slope In shallow soils, the removal of deep-rooted vegetation that bind colluvium to bedrock Construction, agricultural or forestry activities which change the amount of water which infiltrates the soil. (Wikipedia, 2012) Landslides in Malaysia are mainly triggered by tropical rainfall and flash floods. The rainfall and floods cause the rock to fail along fracture, joint and cleavage planes. The geology of Malaysia is quite stable but continuous development and urbanization lead to deforestation and erosion of the covering soil layers thus causing serious threats to the slopes (Pradhan, 2007). Abandoned project at hill sites for a certain period which affecting the maintenance of the slopes could causing the slopes to collapse. List of landslide events happened in Malaysia: 1 May 1961 A landslide occurred in  Ringlet,  Cameron Highlands,  Pahang. 21 October 1993 The man-made  Pantai Remis landslide  caused a new  cove  to be formed in the coastline. 11 December 1993 48 people were killed when a block of the  Highland Towers collapsed  at  Taman Hillview,  Ulu Klang,  Selangor. 30 June 1995 20 people were killed in the landslide at  Genting Highlands slip road  near  Karak Highway. 6 January 1996 A landslide in the  North-South Expressway  (NSE) near  Gua Tempurung,  Perak. 29 August 1996 A mudflow near Pos Dipang  Orang Asli  settlement in  Kampar,  Perak, 44 people were killed in this tragedy. 15 May 1999 A landslide near  Bukit Antarabangsa,  Ulu Klang,  Selangor. Most of the  Bukit Antarabangsa  civilians were trapped. 20 November 2002 The  bungalow  of the  Affin Bank  chairman General (RtD) Tan Sri Ismail Omar collapse causing landslide in  Taman Hillview,  Ulu Klang,  Selangor. December 2003 A rockfall in the  New Klang Valley Expressway  (NKVE) near the  Bukit Lanjan  interchange caused the expressway to close for more than six months. 31 May 2006 Four persons were killed in the  landslides  at Kampung Pasir, Ulu Klang, Selangor. 26 December 2007 Two villagers were buried alive in a major landslide, which destroyed nine wooden houses in Lorong 1, Kampung Baru Cina,  Kapit,  Sarawak. 12 February 2009 one contract worker was killed in a landslide at the construction site for a 43-storey condominium in  Bukit Ceylon,  Kuala Lumpur. 21 May 2011 16 people mostly 15 children and a caretaker of an orphanage were killed in a  landslide caused by heavy rains  at the Childrens Hidayah Madrasah Al-Taqwa orphanage in FELCRA Semungkis,  Hulu Langat,  Selangor. (Wikipedia, 2012) A scientific analyses of landslides need to be carry out to predict landslide-susceptible areas, and thus reduce landslide damages through proper preparation and mitigation. So, understanding landslides and preventing them is a serious challenge across worldwide. Literature review on past research and studies TITLE The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan AUTHOR, YEAR Lulseged Ayalew, Hiromitsu Yamagishi, 2005 STUDY AREA Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains and their surroundings. OBJECTIVE / CONCEPT To study the landslide risk around the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains. To study the use of logistic regression. To demonstrate the combination bivariate statistical analyses (BSA) to simplify the interpretation of the model. METHODOLOGY / METHOD Analytical approaches In LR or even in linear regression, it does little good to combine data with different measuring scales. Make sure that data have been normalized in a manner LR needs. Failure to do so generally leads to problems during the interpretation of the final results. Statistical results Overall model statistics of the regression conducted in this study using IDRISI. Coefficient positive indicating that they are positively related to the probability of landslide formation through the log transformation. Prediction probabilities and the construction of the susceptibility map In addition to the model statistics and coefficients, the final result of the regression process in IDRISI is a predicted map of probability defined by numbers that are constrained to fall between 0 and 1. The more these numbers are close to 1, the better they indicate the likelihood of finding the mapped landslides. Depending on the independent parameters considered, the landslide inventory map and the statistical approach used, the best predictor parameters and the predicted probability map of a logistic regression can vary considerably. OUTPUT / SUMMARY / RESULT Landslides are portrayed according to the types of movements namely slide, fall, flow, spread and topple. The principle of logistic regression (LR) rests on the analysis of a problem, in which a result measured with dichotomous variables such as 0 and 1 or true and false, is determined from one or more independent factors. TITLE Assessment of soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio using remote sensing and GIS AUTHOR, YEAR Weifeng ZHOU and Bingfang WU, 2008 STUDY AREA Upstream Chaobaihe River catchment, north China. OBJECTIVE / CONCEPT To develop monitoring of soil losses in the upstream Chaobaihe River Catchment. To develop a model by using Geographic Information System tools. To compute sediment delivery ratio (SDR) per hydrological unit. METHODOLOGY / METHOD Data Collection Remote sensing data, digital elevation model (DEM), and land use and land cover GIS data were used. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Simple empirical model, based on regression analyses of soil loss rates on erosion plots in the USA. The model is designed to estimate long-term annual erosion rates for agricultural fields. A = R ·K ·L ·S ·C A represents mean (annual) soil loss, R is the rainfall erosive factor, K is the soil erosibility factor, L is the slope factor, S is the slope length factor, and C is the cover management factor. OUTPUT / SUMMARY / RESULT The work indicated there are a number of advantages in using the modified USLE equation including the ability to combine it with a raster-based GIS to produce a cell-by-cell basis for mapping spatial patterns of soil erosion rates. The advantage of using a GIS raster based framework is that it allows one to quantify the impact of a single factor on the overall result and it can also easily be updated with improved datasets. TITLE Soil erosion hazard evaluation An integrated use of remote sensing, GIS and statistical approaches with biophysical parameters towards management strategies AUTHOR, YEAR Md. Rejaur Rahman, Z.H. Shi, Cai Chongfa, 2009 STUDY AREA Within the Danjiangkou County, with an area of 3115.58 km2 and located in the north-western part of Hubei province of China. OBJECTIVE / CONCEPT To develope numerical model for soil erosion hazard assessment Tto analyze soil erosion by attempting to estimate the volumes or masses of soil loss METHODOLOGY / METHOD Analysis of study area The selected area is within the Danjiangkou County, with an area of 3115.58 km2 and located in the north-western part of Hubei province of China. Sandy clay loam, silt loam and sandy loam on the study area play a dominant role in soil erosion by water. Data acquisition and preparation Prepare and analyze the different types of data in soil erosion prediction and hazard assessment as there are many factors that affect soil erosion status. Soil erosion estimation Models are needed to predict soil erosion rates under different resource and land-use conditions. Empirical erosion prediction models continue to play an important role in soil conservation planning and are widely used to predict soil erosion. OUTPUT / SUMMARY / RESULT The Z-score analysis with GIS and selected parameters, provided a hazard assessment of soil erosion of the area. The methodology of combining the Z-score with GIS provided an improved method for the synthetic evaluation of soil erosion hazard, which extended the GIS capability of spatial analysis and the Z-score capability of multi-layer analysis. TITLE Spatial Prediction of Landslide Hazard Using Discriminant Analysis AUTHOR, YEAR Peter V. Gorsevski, Paul Gessler, Randy B. Foltz, 2000 STUDY AREA Rocky Point, a small watershed of the Clearwater River Basin in central Idaho. OBJECTIVE / CONCEPT To study the concept of Discriminant Analysis and GIS. To analyze the landslide hazard area on Rocky Point. METHODOLOGY / METHOD Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Help to analyze the multivariate data set. Discriminant Analysis Classify presence and absence of landslides using principal component scores. Discriminant analysis is a multivariate technique that is used to build rules that can classify landslide hazard into appropriate class. Cross-validation Estimate the probabilities of misclassification. Cross-validation method removes each observation vector from the calibration data set at a time, forms the discriminant rule based on all the remaining data to classify the removed observation, and notes whether the observation is correctly classified. GIS provided a detailed basis for spatial prediction of landslide hazard. OUTPUT / SUMMARY / RESULT Hazard map generated. Graph of multivariate normal probability plot for the principal component scores. TITLE Remote sensing and GIS-based landslide hazard analysis and cross-validation using multivariate logistic regression model on three test areas in Malaysia. AUTHOR, YEAR Biswajeet Pradhan, 2010 STUDY AREA Penang, Cameron and Selangor. OBJECTIVE / CONCEPT To generate cross-validation of a multivariate logistic regression model using remote sensing and GIS for landslide hazard analysis. METHODOLOGY / METHOD Data and material Interpreting aerial photographs and satellite images (SPOT 5 and Landsat TM) of study area. These aerial photographs were taken during 1981-2006 and were acquired from Malaysian Remote Sensing Agency data archives. Data analysis using ARC/INFO GIS software package and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was constructed. These data are related to the primary e ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ects (impact of debris or inclusion of a ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ected site from previously occurred landslides) of a wide variety of landslide types Model Approaching Traditional approach using a multivariate logistic regression model implemented in a GIS framework. The landslide hazard analysis is a function of a variety of variables that include slope, aspect, curvature, topography, distance from drainage, land cover, soil texture and types, geology and distance from lineament, rainfall precipitation, and the normalized di ¬Ã¢â€š ¬erence vegetation index (ndvi) The coefficient applied to the study area, for landslide hazard mapping. Multivariate logistic regression model Easier to use than discriminant analysis when have a mixture of numerical and categorical regressors , because it includes procedures for generating the necessary dummy variable automatically. Application of multivariate logistic regression model on landslide hazard mapping. Validation of the model. OUTPUT / SUMMARY / RESULT The validation results showed a satisfying agreement between the hazard maps and the landslide locations verified in the field. TITLE GIS Application in Landslide Hazard Analysis AUTHOR, YEAR Chyi-Tyi Lee, 2009 STUDY AREA Shihmen Reservoir Catchment Area in Northern Taiwan. OBJECTIVE / CONCEPT To analyze the landslide hazard area using GIS application. METHODOLOGY / METHOD Image and data collection The basic data utilized included a 5m x 5m grid DEM, SPOT5 images, 1/500 photo-based contour maps, 1/50000 geologic maps and hourly rainfall data. Establish of event-based landslide inventory To develop susceptibility model, only considered new landslides triggered by typhoons. Landslides triggered by Typhoon Aere were interpreted and delineated by comparing SPOT5 images taken before and after thetyphoon. Determination of causative factors and triggering factors These factors are then statistically tested and y effective factors selected for susceptibility analysis. 10 factors are selected: Lithology, slope gradient, NDVI, slope roughness, profile curvature, total slope height, relative slope height, topographic wetness index, distance to a fault, maximum rainfall intensity. Analysis Construction of model via logistic regression. Logistic regression to determine a linear function of factors for interpreting the landslide distribution from a set of training data. The linear function is used to calculate the landslide susceptibility index (LSI) for each cell. The LSI used to establish a probability of failure to LSI curve and determine the spatial probability of landslide occurrence at each cell. Landslide susceptibility mapping The landslide hazard area could be for the prediction of future landslides providing a scenario rainfall distribution is given. OUTPUT / SUMMARY / RESULT Successfully predict landslide location, area and volume in a drainage basin or catchment area using GIS.